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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=89TT0488>
<title>
Feb. 20, 1989: Help Your Country And Help Yourself
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Feb. 20, 1989 Betrayal:Marine Spy Scandal
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BUSINESS, Page 72
Help Your Country and Help Yourself
</hdr><body>
<p> To say that it was a great deal is a gross understatement.
It was unbelievable," says a high-ranking savings and loan
executive. So goes the industry's scuttlebutt these days about
Robert Bass's takeover in December of the crippled American
Savings & Loan of Stockton, Calif. In one of the sweetest deals
ever bankrolled with taxpayer money, the intensely private Fort
Worth billionaire, 40, stands to benefit hugely from a decade of
regulatory laxity. His purchase of American Savings is the
pre-eminent episode in a string of controversial bailouts last
year in which regulators handed out gilt-edged gratuities to
some of America's richest men.
</p>
<p> American Savings (assets: $30 billion), which was once the
largest thrift in the U.S., had got into the same trouble as
many other go-go S & Ls. During the early 1980s its maverick
chairman, Charles Knapp, furiously pumped up the company's
growth with brokered deposits and high-risk loans. When the
thrift suffered a run on deposits in 1984, the Federal Home
Loan Bank Board seized American and installed fresh management.
But the new team gambled and failed in a multibillion-dollar
investment in mortgage-backed securities. When the Bank Board
went looking for help again, it eventually decided to grant
exclusive bargaining rights to the Robert M. Bass Group, which
had already taken over such properties as the Westin hotel
chain and Bell & Howell.
</p>
<p> The total amount of cash that the Federal Savings and Loan
Insurance Corporation will pump into the thrift to make it
lucrative for the new owners is estimated at $1.7 billion to
$2.5 billion. The arrangement clearly adds up to a sure-thing
profit for Bass. American Savings will be split into two
entities: a "good" S & L to hold $15.4 billion in healthy
assets and a "bad" one that will liquidate $14.4 billion in sour
loans and other assets. For a total investment of only $500
million, the Bass Group gets 70% ownership of the good thrift.
FSLIC controls the rest.
</p>
<p> Bass has thus managed to buy a huge, healthy S & L, complete
with a network of 186 branches, for a relatively tiny amount of
capital. More than half of his thrift's assets consist of
another sure thing: a $7.8 billion loan to the "bad" S & L that
is fully guaranteed by FSLIC to pay a handsome 2% more than the
going cost of funds. That will pump some $160 million in annual
interest into the Bass thrift, no matter how much trouble FSLIC
has in getting rid of the bad assets.
</p>
<p> The bonanza goes on. As part of the deal, Bass was also
rewarded with some $300 million in tax benefits. Taking those
into account, Bass stands to make straight profits of $400
million to $500 million over the next four years, which roughly
equals his original investment. To post those earnings, the
thrift will have to be well managed. For that Bass has hired
Mario Antoci, one of California's most respected thrift
executives.
</p>
<p> Bass's really big payoff will come if he decides to sell the
thrift. One source close to the deal says that a profitable
American Savings might fetch Bass a tidy $1 billion or more.
Bass could conceivably still lose money on the deal if his
thrift were to suffer losses, but that is almost an
impossibility because it has been cleansed of its failing
assets. Since FSLIC shoulders almost all the risk, the better
Bass does, the less the deal will cost the Government. "We hope
he makes a lot of money," says Bank Board member Roger Martin,
who negotiated the sale. "We want him to be a success, because
we don't want the company back."
</p>
</body></article>
</text>